Estimated tax is the method used to pay tax on income that is not subject to withholding. This includes income from self-employment, interest, dividends, alimony, rent, gains from the sale of assets, prizes, and awards. You also may have to pay estimated tax if the amount of income tax being withheld from your salary, pension, or other income is not enough.

Estimated tax is used to pay both income tax and self-employment tax, as well as other taxes and amounts reported on your tax return. If you do not pay enough tax, either through withholding or estimated tax, or a combination of both, you may have to pay a penalty. If you do not pay enough by the due date of each payment period (see When To Pay Estimated Tax, later), you may be charged a penalty even if you are due a refund when you file your tax return. For information on when the penalty applies, see chapter 4.

See chapter 5 for information about how to get this publication and form.

You may need to use several of the blank worksheets included in this chapter. See Worksheets for Chapter 2, later, to locate what you need.

If you receive salaries and wages, you may be able to avoid paying estimated tax by asking your employer to take more tax out of your earnings. To do this, file a new Form W-4 with your employer. See chapter 1.

You do not have to pay estimated tax for 2012 if you meet all three of the following conditions.

• You had no tax liability for 2011.
• You were a U.S. citizen or resident alien for the whole year.
• Your 2011 tax year covered a 12-month period.

You had no tax liability for 2011 if your total tax (defined later under Total tax for 2011—line 14b) was zero or you did not have to file an income tax return.